using System.Text;
using Nonemm.Digital;

namespace Nonemm.EngineProbe;

/// Questions about MMTTY that cannot be answered without MMTTY running, asked
/// in order and written to the report:
///
/// 1. Does the control answer `TxBufLen`, and is a name it does not know
///    distinguishable from one it does?
/// 2. While a message is going out, does that number count down at the
///    character rate? If it does, it says exactly how much of the message is
///    still in the engine and can still be taken back.
/// 3. Does the engine hold a word until the space after it? That is MMTTY's
///    Option ▸ Way to send, and Word out is what its help calls the usual
///    setting.
/// 4. Does a backspace pushed in as a character delete one the engine has not
///    transmitted yet, and what happens to backspaces over characters that have
///    already gone? Those have to be refused: text typed after them would
///    otherwise go out twice.
/// 5. What comes back on the receive side while transmitting, and when? With
///    the sound loopback off that is MMTTY echoing its transmit window; with it
///    on it is the demodulator hearing the transmission.
///
/// The answers decide whether the transmit buffer can be handed to MMTTY
/// instead of being paced from here. `docs/unfinished.md` states what each one
/// means.
public sealed class EngineProbe
{
    /// Long enough for a character at 45.45 baud, short enough to see the count
    /// move.
    private static readonly TimeSpan PollInterval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(50);

    /// A message at 45.45 baud takes a few seconds; this is well past the end
    /// of one.
    private static readonly TimeSpan Patience = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30);

    /// A count that has not moved for this long is not going to move.
    private static readonly TimeSpan Still = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);

    /// How long the engine is given to key up and to drop again.
    private static readonly TimeSpan Keying = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3);

    private const string Message = "CQ TEST DE OM5M OM5M ";
    private const string Word = "ABCD";
    private const string Alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP ";
    private const int Backspaces = 4;
    private const char Backspace = '\b';
    private const string Short = "MNOPQRST ";
    private const int TooManyBackspaces = 6;
    private const string Afterwards = "XX ";

    private readonly MmttyEngine engine;
    private readonly ProbeLog log;
    private readonly StringBuilder received = new();
    private readonly Lock gate = new();
    private TaskCompletionSource<int>? asking;
    private TaskCompletionSource<bool>? keying;

    public EngineProbe(MmttyEngine engine, ProbeLog log)
    {
        this.engine = engine;
        this.log = log;
        engine.Reported += (_, what) => log.Write($"bridge: {what}");
        engine.TransmitChanged += WhenTransmitChanged;
        engine.Buffered += WhenBuffered;
        engine.Received += WhenReceived;
    }

    public async Task RunAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        await NamesAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await IdleAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        if (!await KeyingAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))
        {
            return;
        }
        await MessageAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await WordAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await BackspaceAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await TooLateAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    /// Question 1. `DISP_E_UNKNOWNNAME` is 0x80020006; a name the control knows
    /// answers with a number instead.
    private async Task NamesAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        log.Step("1. does the control answer TxBufLen");
        log.Write($"TxBufLen: {Answer(await AskAsync("TxBufLen", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
        log.Write($"NotAProperty: {Answer(await AskAsync("NotAProperty", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
        log.Write("a number for the first and no answer for the second is what makes the count usable");
    }

    /// The number with nothing to transmit, which is what the count has to
    /// start and end at.
    private async Task IdleAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        log.Step("2. TxBufLen with nothing to send");
        for (int look = 0; look < 3; look++)
        {
            log.Write($"TxBufLen: {Answer(await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
            await Task.Delay(PollInterval, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
    }

    /// Nothing else in the report means anything until the engine keys, so this
    /// stops the run rather than letting the rest measure an engine that is
    /// sitting still.
    private async Task<bool> KeyingAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        log.Step("3. does the engine key up");
        if (!await KeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))
        {
            log.Write("the engine did not key: nothing below this would mean anything, so stopping");
            log.Write("keying is the control's PTT property; SetMmttyPTT only stops a transmission");
            return false;
        }
        log.Write($"TxBufLen while keyed and idle: {Answer(await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
        await UnkeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        return true;
    }

    /// Questions 2 and 5. The whole message is pushed as fast as the bridge
    /// takes it, so what the count does afterwards is the engine transmitting
    /// rather than the probe feeding.
    private async Task MessageAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        log.Step($"4. \"{Message}\" pushed in one go, then TxBufLen every {PollInterval.TotalMilliseconds} ms");
        TakeReceived();
        await KeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await TypeAsync(Message, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"pushed {Message.Length} characters");
        await DrainAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"received while transmitting: \"{TakeReceived()}\"");
        await UnkeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    /// Question 3. A word with no space after it is what MMTTY holds back when
    /// it is set to Word out, and that changes what "still in the buffer"
    /// means.
    private async Task WordAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        log.Step($"5. \"{Word}\" with no space after it, then the space");
        TakeReceived();
        await KeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await TypeAsync(Word, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3), cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"TxBufLen three seconds after the word: {Answer(await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
        log.Write($"received so far: \"{TakeReceived()}\"");
        log.Write("nothing received here means the engine is set to Word out and is holding it");
        await TypeAsync(" ", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await DrainAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"received after the space: \"{TakeReceived()}\"");
        await UnkeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    /// Question 4. The wait is there so the engine is partway through the
    /// alphabet when the backspaces arrive.
    private async Task BackspaceAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        log.Step($"6. \"{Alphabet}\", then {Backspaces} backspaces once it is under way");
        TakeReceived();
        await KeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await TypeAsync(Alphabet, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"pushed {Alphabet.Length} characters");
        await Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1), cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"TxBufLen before the backspaces: {Answer(await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
        await TypeAsync(new string(Backspace, Backspaces), cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"TxBufLen after the backspaces: {Answer(await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
        log.Write($"a drop of {Backspaces} means the engine took them out of its buffer");
        await DrainAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"received while transmitting: \"{TakeReceived()}\"");
        log.Write($"the last {Backspaces} letters of \"{Alphabet.Trim()}\" are the ones that should be missing");
        await UnkeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    /// The other half of question 4: more backspaces than there are characters
    /// left to take back. If the extra ones are ignored, what goes out is the
    /// transmitted part followed by the new text. If they do something else,
    /// this is where it shows.
    private async Task TooLateAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        log.Step($"7. \"{Short}\", then {TooManyBackspaces} backspaces near the end of it");
        TakeReceived();
        await KeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await TypeAsync(Short, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        int left = await WaitForAsync(2, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"TxBufLen when the backspaces go in: {Answer(left)}");
        await TypeAsync(new string(Backspace, TooManyBackspaces), cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"TxBufLen after them: {Answer(await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false))}");
        await TypeAsync(Afterwards, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        await DrainAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        log.Write($"received while transmitting: \"{TakeReceived()}\"");
        log.Write($"what went out should end in \"{Afterwards.Trim()}\" once, not twice");
        await UnkeyAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    /// Polls until the engine says it has nothing left, until the count stops
    /// moving, or until the patience runs out.
    private async Task DrainAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        DateTime giveUp = DateTime.UtcNow + Patience;
        DateTime moved = DateTime.UtcNow;
        int last = int.MinValue;
        while (DateTime.UtcNow < giveUp)
        {
            int left = await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (left != last)
            {
                log.Write($"TxBufLen: {Answer(left)}");
                last = left;
                moved = DateTime.UtcNow;
            }
            if (left == 0)
            {
                return;
            }
            if (DateTime.UtcNow - moved > Still)
            {
                log.Write($"the count has not moved for {Still.TotalSeconds} s, so it is not counting down");
                return;
            }
            await Task.Delay(PollInterval, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
        log.Write($"gave up waiting after {Patience.TotalSeconds} s");
    }

    /// Waits until the engine holds no more than `wanted` characters, so the
    /// next thing the probe does lands at a known point in the message.
    private async Task<int> WaitForAsync(int wanted, CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        DateTime giveUp = DateTime.UtcNow + Still;
        while (DateTime.UtcNow < giveUp)
        {
            int left = await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (left <= wanted)
            {
                return left;
            }
            await Task.Delay(PollInterval, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
        log.Write($"the count never came down to {wanted}, so the backspaces go in wherever it is");
        return await AskAsync("", cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    /// N1MM's `{TX}`: the control's PTT property, then wait for the engine to
    /// say it is transmitting.
    private async Task<bool> KeyAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        if (engine.IsTransmitting)
        {
            return true;
        }
        TaskCompletionSource<bool> keyed = new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
        lock (gate)
        {
            keying = keyed;
        }
        await engine.SetPttAsync(true, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        try
        {
            await keyed.Task.WaitAsync(Keying, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
            log.Write("keyed");
            return true;
        }
        catch (TimeoutException)
        {
            log.Write($"no transmit report {Keying.TotalSeconds} s after keying");
            return false;
        }
    }

    /// N1MM's `{RX}`: stop once the buffer is empty.
    private async Task UnkeyAsync(CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        await engine.SetPttAsync(false, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        DateTime giveUp = DateTime.UtcNow + Keying;
        while (engine.IsTransmitting && DateTime.UtcNow < giveUp)
        {
            await Task.Delay(PollInterval, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
        if (engine.IsTransmitting)
        {
            log.Write("still transmitting, stopping it the hard way");
            await engine.AbortAsync(cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
    }

    private async Task TypeAsync(string text, CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        foreach (char character in text)
        {
            await engine.TypeAsync(character, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
    }

    /// Sends one question and waits for the answer. The bridge answers every
    /// question, with -1 when the control would not, so this cannot hang while
    /// the bridge is alive.
    private async Task<int> AskAsync(string property, CancellationToken cancellation)
    {
        TaskCompletionSource<int> answer = new(TaskCreationOptions.RunContinuationsAsynchronously);
        lock (gate)
        {
            asking = answer;
        }
        await engine.AskBufferedAsync(property, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
        return await answer.Task.WaitAsync(Keying, cancellation).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }

    private static string Answer(int left) => left < 0 ? "no answer" : left.ToString();

    private void WhenBuffered(object? sender, int left)
    {
        lock (gate)
        {
            asking?.TrySetResult(left);
        }
    }

    private void WhenTransmitChanged(object? sender, bool transmitting)
    {
        log.Write(transmitting ? "engine keyed" : "engine unkeyed");
        if (!transmitting)
        {
            return;
        }
        lock (gate)
        {
            keying?.TrySetResult(true);
        }
    }

    /// While the engine is not transmitting this is the demodulator hearing
    /// whatever is on the band, which is noise on a quiet frequency. Only what
    /// arrives while transmitting is about the transmission.
    private void WhenReceived(object? sender, string text)
    {
        foreach (char character in text)
        {
            log.Write($"{(engine.IsTransmitting ? "rx" : "noise")} {Printable(character)}");
        }
        if (!engine.IsTransmitting)
        {
            return;
        }
        lock (received)
        {
            received.Append(text);
        }
    }

    private string TakeReceived()
    {
        lock (received)
        {
            string text = received.ToString();
            received.Clear();
            return text;
        }
    }

    /// Control codes matter here: a backspace coming back is the engine saying
    /// it removed a character.
    private static string Printable(char character) => character switch
    {
        '\b' => "\\b (backspace)",
        '\r' => "\\r",
        '\n' => "\\n",
        _ when char.IsControl(character) => $"\\x{(int)character:x2}",
        _ => character.ToString(),
    };
}