Nonemm/src/Nonemm.App/Windows/StatisticsChart.cs

using System.Globalization;
using Avalonia;
using Avalonia.Controls;
using Avalonia.Media;

namespace Nonemm.App.Windows;

/// One column of the graph: the label under it and the count in each series.
public sealed record ChartColumn(string Label, IReadOnlyList<int> Values);

/// The statistics window's graph. N1MM draws a stacked column per row of the
/// table, one segment per column of the table, with the column values in a
/// legend along the bottom.
public sealed class StatisticsChart : Control
{
    private const double Gutter = 12;
    private const double AxisWidth = 52;
    private const double LegendSwatch = 10;
    private const double LegendRowHeight = 16;
    private const double TitleHeight = 26;

    /// Under this width a column is drawn without a gap either side, because
    /// the gap would take more room than the column.
    private const double NarrowColumn = 4;

    private readonly Typeface typeface = new(new FontFamily("monospace"));

    public IReadOnlyList<ChartColumn> Columns { get; set; } = [];

    /// The name of each series, which is one value of the table's column field.
    public IReadOnlyList<string> Series { get; set; } = [];

    public IReadOnlyList<Color> Palette { get; set; } = ChartPalettes.Of("Berry");

    public string Title { get; set; } = "";

    public bool ShowTitle { get; set; } = true;

    public override void Render(DrawingContext context)
    {
        IBrush ink = Foreground();
        // the window's own colour, so the graph written out to a file has a
        // background under it rather than a transparent one
        if (this.FindResource("FormBackground") is IBrush sheet)
        {
            context.FillRectangle(sheet, new Rect(Bounds.Size));
        }
        if (Columns.Count == 0 || Series.Count == 0)
        {
            Write(context, "no contacts to graph", new Point(Gutter, Gutter), ink);
            return;
        }

        double top = Gutter;
        if (ShowTitle && Title.Length > 0)
        {
            FormattedText title = Text(Title, 14, ink, bold: true);
            context.DrawText(title, new Point((Bounds.Width - title.Width) / 2, top));
            top += TitleHeight;
        }

        double legend = LegendHeight();
        double labels = LabelHeight();
        Rect plot = new(
            AxisWidth,
            top,
            Math.Max(1, Bounds.Width - AxisWidth - Gutter),
            Math.Max(1, Bounds.Height - top - legend - labels - Gutter));
        int highest = Highest();
        DrawAxis(context, plot, highest, ink);
        DrawColumns(context, plot, highest, ink);
        DrawLegend(context, new Rect(Gutter, Bounds.Height - legend, Bounds.Width - (2 * Gutter), legend), ink);
    }

    /// The tallest stack, rounded up to a round number so the top gridline is
    /// one a reader can divide by.
    private int Highest()
    {
        int tallest = Columns.Max(c => c.Values.Sum());
        if (tallest <= 0)
        {
            return 1;
        }
        int step = (int)Math.Pow(10, Math.Floor(Math.Log10(tallest)));
        return (int)(Math.Ceiling((double)tallest / step) * step);
    }

    private void DrawAxis(DrawingContext context, Rect plot, int highest, IBrush ink)
    {
        Pen line = new(Opaque(ink, 0.35), 1);
        Pen grid = new(Opaque(ink, 0.15), 1);
        const int Lines = 4;
        for (int at = 0; at <= Lines; at++)
        {
            double y = plot.Bottom - (plot.Height * at / Lines);
            context.DrawLine(at == 0 ? line : grid, new Point(plot.Left, y), new Point(plot.Right, y));
            FormattedText value = Text(
                (highest * at / Lines).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
                11,
                Opaque(ink, 0.7));
            context.DrawText(value, new Point(plot.Left - value.Width - 6, y - (value.Height / 2)));
        }
        context.DrawLine(line, new Point(plot.Left, plot.Top), new Point(plot.Left, plot.Bottom));
    }

    private void DrawColumns(DrawingContext context, Rect plot, int highest, IBrush ink)
    {
        double slot = plot.Width / Columns.Count;
        double gap = slot > NarrowColumn ? Math.Min(slot * 0.2, 6) : 0;
        double width = Math.Max(1, slot - gap);
        for (int at = 0; at < Columns.Count; at++)
        {
            double left = plot.Left + (at * slot) + (gap / 2);
            double bottom = plot.Bottom;
            for (int series = 0; series < Columns[at].Values.Count; series++)
            {
                int count = Columns[at].Values[series];
                if (count <= 0)
                {
                    continue;
                }
                double height = plot.Height * count / highest;
                context.FillRectangle(
                    new SolidColorBrush(ColourOf(series)),
                    new Rect(left, bottom - height, width, height));
                bottom -= height;
            }
            DrawColumnLabel(context, Columns[at].Label, left + (width / 2), plot.Bottom + 3, slot, ink);
        }
    }

    /// A label wider than its column is turned on its side, which is what keeps
    /// an hour-by-hour graph readable.
    private void DrawColumnLabel(
        DrawingContext context,
        string label,
        double centre,
        double top,
        double slot,
        IBrush ink)
    {
        FormattedText text = Text(label, 11, Opaque(ink, 0.8));
        if (text.Width <= slot - 2)
        {
            context.DrawText(text, new Point(centre - (text.Width / 2), top));
            return;
        }
        if (slot < 7)
        {
            return;
        }
        using (context.PushTransform(
            Matrix.CreateRotation(Math.PI / 2) * Matrix.CreateTranslation(centre + (text.Height / 2), top)))
        {
            context.DrawText(text, new Point(0, 0));
        }
    }

    private void DrawLegend(DrawingContext context, Rect area, IBrush ink)
    {
        double x = area.Left;
        double y = area.Top;
        for (int at = 0; at < Series.Count; at++)
        {
            FormattedText name = Text(Series[at].Length > 0 ? Series[at] : "(none)", 11, ink);
            double width = LegendSwatch + 4 + name.Width + 12;
            if (x + width > area.Right && x > area.Left)
            {
                x = area.Left;
                y += LegendRowHeight;
            }
            context.FillRectangle(
                new SolidColorBrush(ColourOf(at)),
                new Rect(x, y + 3, LegendSwatch, LegendSwatch));
            context.DrawText(name, new Point(x + LegendSwatch + 4, y));
            x += width;
        }
    }

    private double LegendHeight()
    {
        double x = 0;
        int rows = 1;
        double width = Math.Max(1, Bounds.Width - (2 * Gutter));
        foreach (string series in Series)
        {
            double item = LegendSwatch + 4
                + Text(series.Length > 0 ? series : "(none)", 11, Brushes.Gray).Width + 12;
            if (x + item > width && x > 0)
            {
                x = 0;
                rows++;
            }
            x += item;
        }
        return (rows * LegendRowHeight) + Gutter;
    }

    /// Room under the columns for the labels: one line when they fit side by
    /// side, the longest label on its side when they do not.
    private double LabelHeight()
    {
        double slot = Math.Max(1, Bounds.Width - AxisWidth - Gutter) / Math.Max(1, Columns.Count);
        IEnumerable<FormattedText> labels = Columns.Select(c => Text(c.Label, 11, Brushes.Gray));
        return labels.All(t => t.Width <= slot - 2)
            ? LegendRowHeight
            : Columns.Max(c => Text(c.Label, 11, Brushes.Gray).Width) + 6;
    }

    private Color ColourOf(int series) => Palette[series % Palette.Count];

    private FormattedText Text(string text, double size, IBrush ink, bool bold = false) =>
        new(
            text,
            CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
            FlowDirection.LeftToRight,
            bold ? new Typeface(typeface.FontFamily, weight: FontWeight.Bold) : typeface,
            size,
            ink);

    private void Write(DrawingContext context, string text, Point at, IBrush ink) =>
        context.DrawText(Text(text, 12, ink), at);

    private IBrush Foreground() =>
        this.FindResource("SystemControlForegroundBaseHighBrush") as IBrush ?? Brushes.Gray;

    private static IBrush Opaque(IBrush ink, double opacity) =>
        ink is ISolidColorBrush solid ? new SolidColorBrush(solid.Color, opacity) : ink;
}